Government is Best which Governs Least :: essays papers

Government is Best which Governs Least I healthily acknowledge the witticism, That legislature is best which oversees least; and I should jump at the chance to see it misbehaved to all the more quickly and deliberately. Completed, it at long last adds up to this, which additionally I accept - That legislature is best which oversees not in any manner; and when men are set up for it, that will be the sort of government which the will have. Government is, best case scenario yet a catalyst; yet most governments are as a rule, and all legislatures are once in a while, inexpedient. The protests which have been brought against a standing armed force, and they are numerous and profound, and have the right to win, may likewise finally be brought against a standing government. The standing armed force is just an arm of the standing government. The administration itself, which is just the mode which the individuals have decided to execute their will, is similarly at risk to be manhandled and distorted before the individuals can act through it. Witness the current Mexican war, crafted by nearly a couple of people utilizing the standing government as their device; for in the beginning, the individuals would not have agreed to this measure. This American government- - what is it yet a convention, however an ongoing one, attempting to transmit itself healthy to children, yet every moment losing a portion of its trustworthiness? It has not the imperativeness and power of a solitary living man; for a solitary man can twist it to his will. It is a kind of wooden weapon to the individuals themselves. In any case, it isn't the less vital for this; for the individuals must have some confused apparatus or other, and hear its clamor, to fulfill that thought of government which they have. Governments show consequently how effectively men can be forced upon, even force on themselves, for their own preferred position. It is magnificent, we should all permit. However this administration never of itself facilitated any endeavor, yet by the energetic promptness with which it moved. It doesn't keep the nation free. It doesn't settle the West. It doesn't instruct. The character inalienable in the American individuals has done the sum total of what that has been practiced; and it would have done to some degree more, if the administration had not here and there impeded its. For government is a catalyst, by which men would fain prevail with regards to letting each other alone; and, as has been stated, when it is generally practical, the administered are most left be by it.

How to Make Homemade Dry Shampoo

The most effective method to Make Homemade Dry Shampoo Dry cleanser is a sort of cleanser that you apply to dry hair and blow or brush out, taking overabundance oil and grime with it. You can purchase a dry cleanser, yet its super-modest to make it, in addition to you get the opportunity to tweak the equation. Here are a few simple and modest plans for custom made dry cleanser. Dry Shampoo Ingredients You can utilize any of these fixings as a dry cleanser or you can combine a few fixings, contingent upon what you have accessible. corn starchcorn mealground cereal (utilize a zest factory or espresso processor to powder oatmeal)baking sodatalcum powder or infant powderarrowroot powder (extraordinary for blonde or light hair)cocoa powder (incredible for dull hair, particularly on the off chance that you dont need any white powder)couple of drops of basic oil (discretionary, for aroma) Great decisions for basic oil incorporate grapefruit oil, peppermint oil, or eucalyptus oil. In the event that you like, you can discard the oil totally or, in all likelihood rub a modest quantity on all fours your hands through your hair to fragrance it. Model Recipe: 1/4 cup corn starch2 drops peppermint oil Step by step instructions to Use Dry Shampoo Ensure your hair is totally dry. On the off chance that it is soggy, the powder will shape bunches. Its called dry cleanser, right?Sprinkle the powder onto your hair from a tallness of a few inches or apply it utilizing an old cosmetics brush. You will likely get an even dispersion of the powder, not cover your head.Either go the dry cleanser over your hair or utilize a blow dryer on its cool setting to convey the powder.You can brush out the dry cleanser or twist down and shake it out with your fingers. Making a Wet-Dry Shampoo Another choice is to make a wet-dry cleanser, which contains similar fixings, in addition to a brisk dissipating fluid. You can spritz this item onto your hair and brush it out when your hair is dry. Make this kind of hand crafted dry cleanser by including a touch of scouring liquor or vodka to the dry fixings. Note the liquor will have a reviving, cooling impact, yet abuse of this sort of dry cleanser may make your scalp feel dry. Cheesecloth Method On the off chance that you dont have any of these fixings or just dont need to add anything to your hair, another choice is to wrap a brush with a layer of cheesecloth. Brush your hair, keeping abundance oil onto the fabric.

I am a hapless klutz

I am a hapless klutz First, I am excited to say that the class of 2009 is slowly straggling onto campus, and I could not be more psyched. Rush/orientation is my favorite time of year, and even though Im not the Macgregor rush chair this year like I was last year, I am looking forward to helping out with rush activities and especially in-house rush (when Macgregor freshmen pick entries and upperclassmen pick freshmen). Anyway. This afternoon, I needed a bucket of ice. Since my labs ice machine has been broken since, like, April, I had to hunt elsewhere (were moving to a new building in October, and Morgan doesnt want to waste grant money on a new ice machine when were getting a spiffy new one at the new building. Whatever.) So I trudged upstairs to scrounge up some ice. After filling my bucket, I was walking by an open door when I saw Professor Tonegawa, who won the Nobel Prize in 1987 for his discoveries regarding how the body generates its collection of antibodies. Professor Tonegawa was reading a bulletin board, just like a normal person. I was so excited to have spotted him (Im kind of a Nobel laureate fangirl) that I sort of ran into the wall and dropped my ice bucket. (Luckily it didnt spill, so I managed to get out of the situation without looking like too much of an idiot.) Ive actually taken a class with Professor Tonegawa: I took 9.30 (Neural Plasticity) with him and several other prominent course 9 faculty my sophomore year. (And then there was this time sophomore year, quoted from my personal journal: Today at the Plastic Lunch, the periodic get-together of the Picower Center for Learning and Memory, my PI, Professor Sheng, presented the project my postdoc and I have been working on to the entire Picower Center. And since my postdoc is an MD/PhD and goes to the hospital on Thursdays, I was the sole representative of the project in attendance. So that was cool in the first place, to sit and listen to Professor Sheng talk about my project. And to get mentioned at the end. But what was even cooler was having Professor Tonegawa, who is, as I cannot stop mentioning, a Nobelist, in the front row. And then, when he asked Professor Sheng a question to which Professor Sheng didnt know the answer, Professor Sheng passed the question on to me. And I got to answer it in the middle of the lecture, just like a real scientist. Guess who was one super-excited sophomore that day?) Further in the category of run-ins with Nobel laureates although this one is a little more literal one of my first days working at the lab sophomore year, I was using the copier when I stepped back and ran into a nice-looking older man. After he had walked away, my postdoc whispered to me, Do you know who that was? That was Phil Sharp! Oops. I also crane my neck every time I pass the third floor of building 6, because thats where the physics department is, and Im pretty sure you cant spit near the physics department without hitting a Nobel laureate. Being a biologist, I dont really think Id recognize them by sight, but its still fun to crane my neck and see the little old men with white hair walking around probably some of the most brilliant people on the face of the planet. Answers! Get your answers! 1. Lorelai asked, what should i do for getting into mit?i am from turkey and 15 , want to study undergraduate in mit. i am taking SAT this february what should i do next? Looks like youre right on schedule to me! Aside from taking standardized tests (SATI and SATII) and generally pursuing a challenging courseload and fun extracurricular slate, theres not much youd need to do until the year before youd like to come to MIT. Just relax and enjoy your last few years of high school. :) 2. Fiona said, Since I am a frosh, I only have 2 classes on my fall schedule right now, a HASS (21M.223, Folk Music of the British Isles and North America) and Mission 2009. And with only two classes, my schedule is already conflicted. What do you do when this happens? I dont think I can just change recitations or lecture times, since I think both of these classes have only one section. Anyway, thanks in advance! Well, for some classes, you can just accept that you have a conflict (my friend Swapna once took 7.013 and some conflicting course 10 class at the same time she just missed 7.013 lecture every Friday and had me take notes for her). Its a little more difficult with HASSes, though, because many of them factor in attendance as part of the grade if you miss an hour every Wednesday, for example, you might lose points. In this case, it looks like you might have to choose between the HASS and Mission 2009. BUT, there are a few things to keep in mind: 1) you dont have to take a HASS-D your first term. The HASS people want you to, but you really dont need to. 2) All of these HASS-Ds have open seats right now, so you could just go to one of them on the first day of class with an add form signed by your advisor (you can pick up add forms outside Student Services, 11-120). 3) Even if a HASS-D (or HASS) youre interested in isnt listed as having open seats, you can usually go on the first day wi th an add form and still get a spot lots of people sign up for HASS-Ds they dont end up taking, so there are almost always open seats. 3. Dan asked, Mollie, have you EVER heard of anyone who goes to MIT who rides BMX? I forwarded this question to Adam, who is much cooler than I am, and he said he doesnt know of anyone specifically, but that somebody must, and even if not, there are lots of Cambridge kids who do. (I apologize for not being cool.)

Essay Billie Holiday - 1341 Words

Many jazz artists as we know it are quite talented. Their talents are unique in that they can translate human emotion through singing or playing their instruments. Many have the ability to reach and touch people’s souls through their amazing gifts. Although this art of turning notes and lyrics into emotional imagery may somewhat come natural, the audience must wonder where their influence comes from. For Billie Holiday, her career was highly influenced by personal experience, the effects of the Great Depression, and the racial challenges of African Americans during her time. The Great Depression was a major historical event that affected thousands of Americans during the 1930s. It was a time in which economic decline left people without†¦show more content†¦These first lines in the song portrays the longing and loneliness she felt. Further into the song she sings, â€Å"Soft winds blowing through the pinewood trees, folks down there live a life of ease.† Here, Billie sings about life down south and refers to Baltimore where she grew up. The â€Å"soft winds blowing through the pinewood trees† can be construed as Baltimore. â€Å"Folks down there live a life of ease,† compares the difficulties she endures in Harlem to the care free life somewhere else. In 1933, during Billie Holiday’s early years of her career, â€Å"The Depression was now underway. The few playing gigs in the music industry were taken by whites, and blacks faced â€Å"insurmountable odds. . . against achieving any sort of recognition without help.†Ã¢â‚¬  (Jackson, pg. 86) Billie stopped working as a prostitute and began singing at night clubs and speakeasies in Harlem. The New York nightlife is where John Hammond would discover her. He introduced her to many prestigious jazz musicians and promoted her unparallel sound. Billie Holiday played on the radio where she became recognized as a female singer within the jazz industry. Without the help of John Hammond, Billie may not have had a chance as a singer. â€Å"He is widely credited with having discovered many of these artists, and while the use of that ambiguous wordShow MoreRelated Billie Holiday Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesBillie Holiday, whose real name is Eleanora Gough, was born in Philade lphia Pennsylvania in 1915. She grew up mostly in Baltimore and always loved jazz. Billie was born to very young parents. Her mother was thirteen when she was born and her father just fifteen. (www.numberonestars.com, 2010) Her father made his living as a jazz musician and later he left Billie’s mother. Billie was raised by her mother and grandparents. Billie was not a happy child and eventually left school at an early ageRead More Billie Holiday Essay examples2164 Words   |  9 PagesBillie Holiday Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan on April 7, 1915 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but spent most of her poverty stricken childhood in Baltimore. Lady Day, as she was named by Lester Young, had to overcome many tragedies in her lifetime and yet still became one of the most popular jazz-blues vocalists of all time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Billies Parents, Sally Fagan and Clarence Holiday, were both born in Baltimore. They married as teens and soon Sally gave birth to Eleanora Fagan. ShortlyRead MoreEssay about Billie Holiday918 Words   |  4 Pages Billie was born to the name, Eleanora Fagan on April 7, 1915. She was born in Philadelphia but grew up in the Fells Point section of Baltimore. Her mother, was just 13 at the time of her birth; her father, was 15. Holidays teenage parents, Sadie Harris (aka Fagan) and probable father, Clarence Holiday, never married, and they did not live together for a long time. Clarence, a banjo and guitar player worked with Fletcher Hendersons band in the early 30s. He remains a shady figure who leftRead More The Voice of Billie Holiday Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Voice of Billie Holiday      Ã‚  Ã‚   A woman stands before you, and although she isnt a politician, she expresses her moving thoughts on issues that affect all Americans. Her voice isnt harsh or demanding in tone. Her stature is slender and traced in a shimmer of light that reflects from her dress. A southern magnolia is lying comfortably above her ear. She sings. She sings of incomprehension, of hate, and of a races pain. She sings low and confused. She sings as Our Lady of Sorrow(DavisRead MoreMost Influential Jazz Singer, Billie Holiday693 Words   |  3 PagesBillie Holiday The Harlem Renaissance was an African American cultural movement specifically in creative arts such as music and literature. Jazz represented the flavor and zest of African American culture in the 1920s-1940s. Billie Holiday had a great impact on the Harlem Renaissance because she was one of the most influential jazz singers of all time. She performed with other great jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Teddy Wilson, Jo Jones, and Henry Allen. Her career as a jazz singer wasRead More Billie Holiday Essay example652 Words   |  3 Pages To understand the controversy that Billie presented one must first go to the root or source of such controversy and examine Billies childhood. Billie was born Eleanora Harris to her father Clarence Holiday and mother Sadie Fagan who were just fifteen and thirteen years old, respectively, at the time (A 91). Born between 1912 and 1915 in Baltimore, the date unsure, Billie grew up without her father, who moved away early on in her life. Billie and her mother used to fight a lot, when her motherRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Early Years Of Jazz1181 Words   |  5 Pagesrecording was in 1933, with John Hammond, Jack Teagarden and Benny Goodman (Bessie Smith†). Billie Holiday was born in Philadephia, Pennsylvania and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father was guitarist Clarence Holiday who declined to acknowledge her as his daughter until she became famous. In her early years, she worked as a menial laborer and was even arrested for prostitution (Giddins et al. 2009). Holiday was a vocalist singing in clubs when John Hammond saw her performing. He invited her toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Blood On The Leaves By Abel Meeropol1509 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, like Meeropol said in 1971. After Meeropol wrote this poem, he wanted to find an artist that could put the poem to music and really bring out it’s true meaning. In the end, he chose Billie Holiday to sing his poem. Billie Holiday, to this day is most famous for â€Å"her† song â€Å"Strange Fruit†. Billie Holiday really dug deep in order to pull the true emotion out of this poem in her singing. The song was first performed in 1939 at a night club in New York called Cafà © Society. â€Å"She was afraid to singRead MoreThe Blues, By Bessie Smith And Billie Holliday1744 Words   |  7 Pageswhen it first began. Blues music originated in plantations, where slaves sung, using it as a mental escape method from their oppression. Even though it started off in a simple way, it eventually turned into a serious entertainment. Bessie Smith and Billie Holliday, two well-known blues female singers, became hit sensations. Blues started in the South, long ago, when slavery was still socially accepted. Slaves were severely oppressed because they were legally bound to their masters. One way they foundRead MoreThe Music Of The 1930 S2203 Words   |  9 Pagesremembered today. Jazz music was highly popular in this time, and Billie Holiday was a famous jazz performer. She stood out from many other musicians because of her intense and passionate performances. Jazz arose from â€Å"unacceptable† segments of society, but quickly grew like wildfire. We often think of the 1930’s as the decade that jazz became civilized, and famous throughout popular culture through the work of pioneering artists like Billie Holiday. People did not own televisions or cable, so radio was their

Who Are the Nymphs in Greek Mythology

Nymphs (Greek plural nymphai) are mythological nature spirits who appear as beautiful young women. Etymologically, the word ​nymph is related to the Greek word for bride. Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite: [The mountain nymphs] rank neither with mortals nor with immortals: long indeed do they live, eating heavenly food and treading the lovely dance among the immortals, and with them the Sileni and the sharp-eyed Slayer of Argus mate in the depths of pleasant caves. Nurturing Nymphs are often shown as lovers of gods and heroes, or as their mothers. They can be nurturing: Thetis, not only a Nereid but the mother of Achilles, also helped Zeus and Dionysus when they were in trouble.Nymphs of Nysa tended to Dionysus when he was young.When Hephaestus was tossed off Olympus by a parent (either Hera or Zeus) and landed in Lemnos, Eurynome and Thetis, two Nereids, tended him. This nurturing quality may be one way nymphs are distinguished from Dionysus maenad followers, according to Guy Hedreen in The Journal of Hellenic Studies. Playful Nymphs cavort with satyrs, particularly in depictions of Dionysus. Apollo and Dionysus are their leaders. Personifications Not uncommonly, some nymphs share their names with the places they inhabited. For example, one of these eponymous nymphs is Aegina. Rivers and their personifications often share names. Examples of associated natural bodies and divine spirits arent limited to Greek mythology. Tiberinus was god of the Tiber River in Rome, and Sarasvati was a goddess and river in India. Not Quite Goddesses Nymphs are often referred to as goddesses, and some are immortal. Although they are naturally long-lived, many nymphs can die. Nymphs can cause metamorphoses. This is the Greek word for changing shape, usually into plants or animals, as in the novel by Kafka and the book of mythology by Ovid. Metamorphosis also works the other way around, so that human women can be changed into nymphs. [B]ut at their birth pines or high-topped oaks spring up with them upon the fruitful earth, beautiful, flourishing trees, towering high upon the lofty mountains (and men call them holy places of the immortals, and never mortal lops them with the axe); but when the fate of death is near at hand, first those lovely trees wither where they stand, and the bark shrivels away about them, and the twigs fall down, and at last the life of the nymph and of the tree leave the light of the sun together. Famous Nymphs Amalthea (of cornucopia fame)Anna Perenna (known in connection with another Ides of March holiday)Arethusa (a follower of Artemis who sacrificed much for her chastity)Calypso (nymph-goddess who entertained Odysseus)Creusa (daughter of Gaia and the river god Peneus)Echo (whose name we hear in certain repetitions)Egeria (cared for Athens founder-hero, Theseus son Hippolyte; she taught the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius)Harmonia (mated with Ares to produce the Amazons; Harmonias necklace features in the story of Cadmus of Thebes)Syrinx (a wind instrument and an attribute of Pan)Thetis (connected with Achilles and Hephaestus)Thousa (mother of Polyphemus, the cyclops in the Odyssey who eats several of Odysseus companions when they were uninvited houseguests) Types of Nymphs Nymphs are divided into types: Acheloids (from the river Achelous)Alseids (groves)Dryads (forests)Hamadryads (trees)*Hydriads (water)Leimoniads (meadows)Meliads (ash trees)Naiads (springs and rivers)Napaea (valleys)Nereid (the Mediterranean)Oceanids (the sea)Oreads (mountains) *The children of Hamadryas, from Deipnosophists (Philosophers Banquet, by Athenaeus, written in the 3rd century AD): Aegeirus (the poplar)Ampelus (the vine)Balanus (the acorn-bearing oak)Carya (the nut-tree)Craneus (the cornel-tree)Orea (the ash)Ptelea (the elm)Suke (the fig-tree) Sources Alexander, Timothy Jay. A Beginners Guide to Hellenismos. Paperback, 1st Edition, Lulu Press, Inc, June 7, 2007. Athenaeus. Delphi Complete Works of Athenaeus, Illustrated, Delphi Ancient Classics Book 83, Kindle Edition, 1 edition, Delphi Classics, October 17, 2017. Hedreen, Guy. Silens, nymphs, and maenads. Journal of Hellenic Studies 114:47-69, The PhilPapers Foundation, 1994. Homer. The Homeric Hymns. Epic Cycle, Homerica, Bartleby, 1993. Kafka, Franz. Metamorphosis. Classical Books, Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, December 22, 2016. Ovid. Ovids Metamorphoses Books 1-5. Revised Edition, William S. Anderson (Editor), Revised edition, University of Oklahoma Press, January 15, 1998.

Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems Free Essays

string(39) " behaviours towards the organisations\." Introduction This paper summarises the views of two authors on how job applicants or potential employees perceive selection procedures. Both articles focus on employees’ perceptions of selection methods. Article 1: â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. We will write a custom essay sample on Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first article is written by Ryan and Plolyhart (2000) and is titled â€Å"Applicants’ Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†. This article is motivated by the fact that low unemployment rates have increased the competition for employees, which has forced organisations to review the various components used in selecting job applicants and how job applicants’ perceptions of those procedures can affect the attractiveness of the organisation to potential employees. Another motivation for this study is the fact that there is lack of better research on applicant perspectives. Thirdly, the article notes that social justice theorists are looking for ways to apply social justice theory concepts to applicants’ perceptions of selection methods. Moreover, there is an increasing diversity in the workforce as well as racial differences in perception of selection procedures which can affect the manner in which j ob applicants perceive organisations and thus the attractiveness of those organisations to potential employees. The article notes that one of the main assumptions of most research in this area is that the manner in which job applicants perceive selection procedures and processes affects the manner in which the applicant views the organisation and thus the decision on whether to apply for a job vacancy to that organisation or not. The article also suggests that differences in perceptions between minority and majority groups on certain selection procedures can account for some of the differences in job performance that is often observed between these two groups. The article begins by reviewing the works of Schimittand Gilliland (1992) and Gilliland (1993). These studies develop a model which provides a link between between applicants’ perceptions of selection systems and situational factors and their subsequent â€Å"attitudes and behaviours† towards those organisations. The model postulates that applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice system are influenced by situational characteristics. These characteristics include the type of test administered during the selection process, the human resource policy of the organisation and the behaviour of the human resource staff of the organisation. The overall fairness of the selection system is influenced by the degree to which the applicants’ perceptions of the procedural justice of the selection system meet the expectations of applicants. The framework further stipulates that applicants’ prior experiences with a selection system would affect the evaluatio n of the system. Distributive justice rules of equity, equality, and need have an impact on the perceptions of the distributive fairness of the final decision reached through the selection system. Distributive justice rules are in turn influenced by performance expectations and the salience of discrimination. In a nutshell, the framework concludes that there should be a relationship between outcomes such as â€Å"job application decisions, test motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, endorsement of the company’s products, job acceptance decisions, job satisfaction, and performance among others† and applicants’ perceptions of fairness of the selection process. After reviewing the framework, the authors then move on to provide a critical review of the empirical literature and evaluating how they conform to the framework. The review focuses on four key areas including: The perceptions that have been studied; The factors that determine applicants’ perceptions; The consequences of holding more positive or negative perceptions; and The theoretical frameworks that have been presented. With respect to the applicants’ perceptions that have been studied, the article notes that the most commonly researched perceptions include applicants’ feelings regarding degree to which the selection system is related to the job, feelings about the fairness of various aspects of the selection system and its associated outcomes, as well as feelings about test taking motivation. The authors provide a critical review in this area and conclude that a major concern with most of these studies is that their constructs are imprecise with respect to the manner in which they are defined as well as the variability with which they are operationalised. As a result, the authors conclude that a better conceptualisation of research on test behaviours and on fairness is required to improve understanding. The authors however, admit that the work of Chan et al (1998) to a certain extent provides a link between test attitudes and perception of fairness although the study focused only on two concepts from each line of research. According to the authors, lack of an improved integration of studies on test attitudes on fairness and test attitudes makes understanding difficult. For example, it is difficult to determine whether potential employees who are more anxious perceive procedures are more unfair as opposed to those who are less anxious. In addition, it is difficult to deter mine whether beliefs about testing have a higher impact on perceptions of fairness of a procedure than characteristics of the procedure and selection situation itself. The author notes that notes that most test-taking attitude measures are perceptions of oneself (including motivation, anxiety, etc) while justice-related perceptions typically focus on the fairness of the test used in making hiring or rejection decisions. The authors argue that there should be a relationship between applicants’ motivation and anxiety and the justice-related perceptions. The authors also suggest that it is important for other perceptions to be tested. Basically most of the studies under review focus on how the motivation or perceptions of applicants influence their perceptions of fairness. This approach neglects the impact of other perceptions of fairness that may be critical for the improvement of selection systems. Article 2: â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian Study†. This article is written by Bertolino and Steiner (2007). Like the first article, this article begins by reviewing the works of other authors who provide different conceptual frameworks on the relationship between applicants’ perceptions of fairness of selection systems and their attitudes and behaviours towards the organisations. You read "Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems" in category "Essay examples" This article cites the work of Schuler (1993) whose framework suggests that the reaction of applicants to a selection process is a function of the key characteristics of the selection techniques employed. In addition, the article reviews the work of Anderson and Ostroff (1997) who focus on the socialisation impact of selection methods. Like the first article, the second article also reviews the work of Gilliland (1993) who employ organisational justice theory to comprehend the reaction of applicants to selection systems. Unlike the first article, which is based solely on a critical review of empirical literature on the reaction of applicants to selection systems as well as the underlying models of selection systems, the second article is based on both primary and secondary information. It begins by reviewing literature, and then conducts and exploratory study on the reaction of applicants to selection systems using a sample of 137 Italian students. The study is motivated by the fact that despite the presence of evidence on selection systems, most of the studies have been conducted in other countries with no attention given to Italy. The article notes that cultural differences may play an important role in the manner in which applicants perceive selection systems and thus their reaction to those systems as well as their attitudes towards the organisation. Based on the four dimensions of culture proposed by Hofstede (1980, 1991) (individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs femi ninity, and power distance), the article suggests that it is possible for selection systems to be avoided by these four dimensions. For example, the article reviews the work of Ryan et al. (1999) who show that uncertainty avoidance can affect the selection practices of many countries. In addition, the study reviews the work of Triandis (1990) who argue that people from countries with high uncertainty avoidance prefer predictability, knowing what others will do, and having clear instructions and expectations. This means that employees who work in countries with high uncertainty avoidance should be more inclined towards engaging in structuring activities, including the standardisation of practices. On the contrary, those in countries with low uncertainty avoidance should be less committed to formal structures and should be prepared to accept spontaneous changes in practices. The study employed a survey questionnaire to study the reaction of Italian student to selection systems. The questionnaire used in the study is the one developed by Steiner and Gilliland (1996) which presents 10 different selection methods used in the U.S or Europe. The questionnaire asked students to think about a job they would apply for upon completion of their course Using a within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) the ratings of process favourability was compared across 10 selection methods. The evidence suggests that there are significant differences across the 10 selection methods. The selection method that received the most favoured rating was â€Å"work-sample test†. Resumes, written ability tests, interviews and personal preferences had the second favourable rating. Personality tests and biographical information blanks received a neutral rating while honesty tests and personal contacts received negative ratings. The authors conclude that their results are similar to those obtained from other countries. In particular, they observe that employer’s right, opportunity to perform and face validity are the procedural dimensions that had a high correlation with process favourability for all four countries that were studied. The two articles are similar in that they both begin by providing a theoretical framework on selection methods. Both articles provide the same theory which shows that there is a relationship between applicants’ perceptions and their reactions to selection systems. However, the first article differs from the second one in that it is based solely on the review of secondary literature. The article does not arrive on any conclusions with respect applicants reactions to selection systems. Rather, it identifies weaknesses in the literature and provides recommended procedures for improvement in future studies. On the contrary, the second article employs primary data to study how employees’ perceptions of selection systems affect their reactions to those systems. It compares findings to previous studies and concludes that culture has no significant impact on employees’ reaction to selection systems in Western countries. The study observes that the findings from France, I taly and other Western countries are similar to those obtained in studies from the United States. This shows that the different cultural dimensions mentioned in Hofstede (1981, 1990) do not influence the manner in which employees perceive selection systems which means that it does not affect the manner in which the react to those systems. The foregoing suggests that other factors may be affecting employees’ perceptions rather than culture. Conclusions and Recommendations Based on the discussion of the two articles above, one can conclude that employees’ perception of selection procedures influences the manner in which they behave towards the organisation and the decision to accept or reject an offer to work for a particular company. These perceptions may even influence the applicants other interactions with the company such as deciding to buy or not to buy the company’s products. The main difference between the two articles is that one focuses on criticising research on selection systems while one focuses on understanding how employees perceive selection systems across countries and how those systems affect their reaction. Based on this conclusion, it is important for organisations to note that the manner in which they design their selection system can affect the perception of applicants and as such affect the attractiveness of vacancies to potential applicants. Selection systems can even influence the ability of a company to attract qu alified applicants. If employees have a negative perception about a particular company, they may not be motivated to apply for a vacancy in that company and this may make it difficult for the company to fill the vacancy with a qualified applicant. Consequently, employers should seek the most favourable selection systems so as to increase their ability to attract qualified applicants to their jobs. The first article shows that research on selection systems is limited. Therefore, this paper recommends that more research should be conducted on selection systems and how employees perceive those systems. By so doing one can provide better recommendations to employers to aid them in designing their selection systems. References Bertolino, M., Steiner, D. D. (2007) â€Å"Fairness Reactions to Selection Methods: An Italian study†, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, Number 2 Ryan, A. N., Ployhart R. E. (2000) â€Å"Applicants Perceptions of Selection Procedures and Decisions: A Critical Review and Agenda for the Future†, Journal of Management, 26, 565-606 How to cite Employees’ Perception of Selection Systems, Essay examples

Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Essay Romeo and Juliets death could be seen as a consequence of many peoples actions, their own included. Directly and indirectly people could be blamed actions have consequences whether they are disastrous or beneficial depends on the primary action. There were many actions that can be seen to be helping but in truth arent. Romeo and Juliet is a story of how two young people fall in love at first sight, however due to a long lasting feud between their respective families, their love has to be secret. As they are not permitted to share their forbidden love they go about finding and implementing ways to see each other. Romeo and Juliets downfall results from a plan to be together that goes wrong. But many people can share some blame for their deaths. Romeo himself carries a large proportion of the blame as he is a heavy influence where Juliets actions are concerned. Romeo does things to take the lovers one step closer to their death. The first major action that Romeo takes is making an appearance at the Capulet household for a party, uninvited. This invokes two further incidents; Romeo meets for the first time and falls in love with Juliet Capulet , and Romeo is also spotted by Tybalt. Tybalt is enraged by this insult and tells his uncle Lord Capulet about Romeos presence, Uncle, this is a Montague,our foe although Romeo is spotted nothing comes of it as Lord Capulet wants to see his party guests have an evening without any drama. After the party, Romeo goes back to Capulet mansion in search of Juliets window, to which he succeeds in finding. After talking for a while Juliet wants to go and tries to arrange another meeting, however Romeo thinks he is being left so unsatisfied , but Juliet is chaste in her ways, so Romeo ask her f or Th exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine, to which Juliet agrees and they are wed the following day. By Romeo going in search of Juliet this leads her on even more to the point of engagement, and can be seen as an irresponsible, even immature activity showing his naivety. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Juliets naivety can be seen as the main reason she could be accountable for the deaths of the lovers. Her naivety can be broken down into several points; first of all Juliet did not have to keep her relationship with a foe however as she was naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, she may not have been able to see past the love that she thought she and Romeo shared. By taking the potion and following Friar Lawrences plan is again an example of Juliets naivety. By following the plan to be with Romeo but without having a main input on the plan itself. Juliet admits herself that she can be of no good by saying if in thy wisdom thou canst give no help this shows that she could have no input even if she wanted to. If Juliet had told her parents they may have been understanding about the situation however she assumed that they wouldnt be and avoided telling them and they had to find out for their selves, enraging them. Lord and Lady Capulet and Montague have a large part to play in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Reasons they could be held partially if not completely responsible may include; The initial fued between the families, created a hatred to anyone linked by blood or service between the families. This tells us that even if Romeo and Juliet admitted to their parents that they had been seeing each other and told them of their desire to be wed , they may have taken a negative attitude to the situation and to the opposing family and it would have been harder for Romeo and Juliet to see each other if they were allowed at all. The Capulets put pressure on Juliet to be wed to Paris, Juliet does not like this idea at all, so is willing to try almost anything to avoid having to be wed to Paris and be with Romeo who is already her Husband, this pressure forces Romeo and Juliet to devise the plan which leads to their lives ending. The impression Romeos parents create is one that shows that they dont k now Romeo all too well this is shown when the Montagues turn to Benvolio to find where he has been going in the mornings. This is best shown towards the start of the story, lady Montague asks Benvolio O where is Romeo, saw you him today? this shows concern, however most parents prefer to know the whereabouts of their children. Tybalt continued violence into the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets, ever since the party he had an individual score with Romeo so the hatred was in effect doubled, his fiery attitude caused the fourth civil brawl between the families, he confronted Romeo who did not want to fight but to be nice, in the end this brawl causes two casualties Mercutio and Tybalt, Tybalt is killed by Romeo as he Killed Mercutio, Romeos best friend. As this was the 4th civil brawl Romeo is exiled, as before warned by Prince . This distance between Romeo and Juliet, makes them long for each other even more so, forcing their plans to become more drastic. Friar Lawrence can be seen as partially responsible too. By marrying the two families together Friar Lawrence could have turned the feud two ways, to either resolve or it may have gotten worse. Also he devised the final plan that immediately caused the deaths. The plan was simple but bad timing and miss communication brought about the tragedy. Romeo kills himself slightly before Juliet Awakes, once Juliet arises and realises Romeo is dead, she too wants to die, this is evident as Juliet says, And left no friendly drop, to help me after. Many peoples actions can be seen to be a main cause or reason behind Romeo and Juliets deaths. Proportions of blame can be labelled to certain people or all can share an equal amount of blame.